Pizza is one of the world’s most beloved foods, enjoyed by millions every day. The question of who invented pizza, however, is complex. Pizza, in its modern form, can be traced back to Naples, Italy, in the 18th century. But the origins of flatbreads with various toppings date back much further.
Early Origins
Flatbreads have been a staple in many cultures for thousands of years. Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans all made flatbreads that could be considered early versions of pizza. The Greeks, for instance, had a flatbread called “plakous” that was topped with herbs, onions, and garlic. These early flatbreads were typically baked on stones or in mud ovens, and they were simple yet delicious.
Naples: The Birthplace of Modern Pizza
The modern pizza we know today originated in Naples. By the late 18th century, the poorer populations of Naples started adding tomatoes to their yeast-based flatbreads. Initially, tomatoes were thought to be poisonous, but by the 1700s, they had become a staple in the Neapolitan diet. These tomato-topped flatbreads quickly gained popularity among the working class, who needed inexpensive and quick meals.
In the 19th century, Naples had several pizzerias that catered to the local population. These early pizzerias were humble establishments where customers could buy pizza to eat on the go. One of the most famous early pizzerias was Antica Pizzeria Port’Alba, which opened in 1830 and is still in operation today.
The Legend of Margherita Pizza
One of the most well-known stories about the invention of pizza involves Queen Margherita of Savoy. In 1889, Queen Margherita visited Naples with her husband, King Umberto I. During her visit, she wanted to try the local specialty, so a Neapolitan pizzaiolo named Raffaele Esposito was summoned to the royal palace to prepare a selection of pizzas. Esposito created three different pizzas, and the Queen’s favorite was one topped with tomatoes, mozzarella cheese, and fresh basil. The colors of the pizza—red, white, and green—were said to represent the Italian flag. In honor of the Queen, Esposito named this pizza “Margherita.” While this story has become a beloved part of pizza lore, there is some debate about its accuracy. Nonetheless, Margherita pizza remains one of the most popular varieties today.
Spread of Pizza Beyond Italy
Pizza remained relatively unknown outside of Naples until the late 19th and early 20th centuries when Italian immigrants began bringing their culinary traditions to other parts of the world. In the United States, pizza was introduced by Italian immigrants in cities like New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. These cities quickly embraced pizza, and it became a staple of American cuisine.
In New York, the first pizzeria was opened by Gennaro Lombardi in 1905. Lombardi’s Pizzeria, located in Manhattan, still operates today and is considered the first pizzeria in the United States. Lombardi’s pizza was made in the traditional Neapolitan style, with a thin crust, fresh tomato sauce, and mozzarella cheese.
Chicago developed its own style of pizza in the 1940s, known as deep-dish pizza. This variation was created by Ike Sewell and Ric Riccardo, who opened Pizzeria Uno in 1943. Deep-dish pizza features a thick crust and is baked in a deep pan, with layers of cheese, meat, and vegetables. The sauce is placed on top of the toppings, creating a hearty and filling dish.
Evolution and Popularity
Pizza continued to evolve and gain popularity throughout the 20th century. Different regions developed their own styles and variations. In California, for instance, chefs like Ed LaDou and Wolfgang Puck began experimenting with gourmet toppings and creative combinations, leading to the rise of California-style pizza.
The commercialization and globalization of pizza also played a significant role in its spread. Chains like Pizza Hut, Domino’s, and Papa John’s popularized pizza worldwide, making it accessible to people from all walks of life. These chains adapted their menus to suit local tastes, leading to unique variations like Indian curry pizza, Japanese seafood pizza, and Brazilian chocolate pizza.
Pizza Today
Today, pizza is enjoyed in countless variations around the globe. From traditional Neapolitan pizzas to innovative gourmet creations, pizza continues to be a versatile and beloved dish. The rise of artisanal and wood-fired pizzas has brought a renewed focus on quality ingredients and traditional cooking methods.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in healthier pizza options. Whole-grain crusts, gluten-free options, and plant-based toppings are now widely available, catering to diverse dietary preferences. The focus on fresh, high-quality ingredients has also led to a resurgence of interest in traditional Neapolitan pizza.
The global popularity of pizza is a testament to its universal appeal. Whether it’s a simple Margherita or a complex gourmet creation, pizza has a unique ability to bring people together and satisfy diverse tastes.
See Also: Enjoy It at Home: Detroit-Style Pizza
Conclusion
The invention of pizza cannot be attributed to a single individual, as it evolved over centuries from simple flatbreads to the diverse and beloved dish we know today. Modern pizza originated in Naples, Italy, in the 18th century and was popularized by Italian immigrants in the United States and other parts of the world. The story of Queen Margherita and Raffaele Esposito highlights the rich history and cultural significance of pizza. Today, pizza continues to evolve and adapt, reflecting the creativity and culinary traditions of different cultures. Its universal appeal and versatility ensure that pizza will remain a favorite food for generations to come.
FAQs
Who is credited with creating the first Margherita pizza?
Raffaele Esposito, a Neapolitan pizzaiolo, is credited with creating the first Margherita pizza in honor of Queen Margherita of Savoy in 1889.
How did pizza spread to the United States?
Pizza spread to the United States through Italian immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Cities like New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia embraced pizza, and it became a staple of American cuisine.
What are some different styles of pizza around the world?
Different styles of pizza around the world include Neapolitan pizza, New York-style pizza, Chicago deep-dish pizza, California-style pizza, and various international adaptations like Indian curry pizza, Japanese seafood pizza, and Brazilian chocolate pizza.